Passive Voice
Passive Voice
Use of
Passive
Passive
voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not
known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the
example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know,
however, who did it.
Sometimes a
statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example
shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In this
case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone
(e.g. You have made a mistake.).
Form of
Passive
Subject +
finite form of to be
+ Past Participle
Example: A letter was written.
When
rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
§ the object of the active sentence becomes
the subject of the passive sentence
§ the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
§ the subject of the active sentence becomes
the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Examples of
Passive
|
Tense
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
|
|
Simple Present
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
writes
|
a letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
is written
|
by Rita.
|
|
|
Simple Past
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
wrote
|
a letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
was written
|
by Rita.
|
|
|
Present Perfect
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
has written
|
a letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
has been written
|
by Rita.
|
|
|
Future I
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
will write
|
a letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
will be written
|
by Rita.
|
|
|
Hilfsverben
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
can write
|
a letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
can be written
|
by Rita.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples of
Passive
|
Tense
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
|
|
Present Progressive
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
is writing
|
a letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
is being written
|
by Rita.
|
|
|
Past Progressive
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
was writing
|
a letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
was being written
|
by Rita.
|
|
|
Past Perfect
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
had written
|
a letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
had been written
|
by Rita.
|
|
|
Future II
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
will have written
|
a letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
will have been written
|
by Rita.
|
|
|
Conditional I
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
would write
|
a letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
would be written
|
by Rita.
|
|
|
Conditional II
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
would have written
|
a letter.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
would have been written
|
by Rita.
|
|
Passive
Sentences with Two Objects
Rewriting an
active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two
objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to
transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.
|
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object 1
|
Object 2
|
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
wrote
|
a letter
|
to me.
|
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
was written
|
to me
|
by Rita.
|
|
Passive:
|
I
|
was written
|
a letter
|
by Rita.
|
.
As you can
see in the examples, adding by
Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually
dropped.
Personal and
Impersonal Passive
Personal
Passive simply
means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive
sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a
personal passive.
Example: They build houses. – Houses are
built.
Verbs
without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive
sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive
sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need
an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.
Example: he says – it is said
Impersonal
Passive is not as
common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only
possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Example: They say that women live longer
than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is
possible here, Personal
Passive is more common.
Example: They say that women live longer
than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject
of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb
of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added
using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).
Sometimes
the term Personal Passive
is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to
become the subject of the passive sentence.
Passive Voice
Bentuk kata kerja yang dibentuk dari kata kerja bantu
yaitu : “be + participle” sebagai kerja utama. Subjek
dikenai perbuatan.
|
Pola
Kalimat
|
Pola
Predikat
|
|
1. Simple Present (V1)
|
is/am/are + V3
|
|
2. Past Tense (V2)
|
was/were + V3
|
|
3. Present Continuous (V-ING)
|
to be
(is/am/are) + being + V3
|
|
4. Perfect (have/has/had + V3)
|
have/has/had +
been + V3
|
|
5. Modals
|
Modals + be +
V3
|
|
(can,will,must,should,etc)
|
|
|
6. Certain Verb
|
@ Certain verb + to be + V3
@ Certain
verb+Obj2+to be+V3+ by+O1
|
|
(want,ask,allow,order,need,etc)
|
Example for Passive Voice
1. They are building new ring road round city. The
passive form of the above sentence is...
‘A new ring road _____‘
a.
is built c. be
building e. is being built
b.
builds d. was building
Jawab
: e
2.
The editor edits the article.
The
passive form of the above sentence is ‘The article _____ by the editor.’
a.
edits c. be
editing e. is edited
b.
edited d. is being edited
jawab
: e
3.
When we go to work, the baby sitter will look after our baby.
We
can also say that when we go to work,_____ by the baby sitter.
a.
Our baby will be looking after
b.
baby will be looked after
c.
Our baby look after
d.
Our baby looked after
e.
Our baby is looking after
Jawab
: b
4.
We have delivered the packages.
The
passive form of the above sentence is ’the packages _____ by us.’
a.
delivered c. have been
delivered e. have to
be delivered
b.
have been delivering d. to be
delivered
Jawab
: c
5.
Why aren’t you driving your car?
‘it
_____ by my father.’
a.
has sold c. has been selling e. had sold
b.
has to see d. has been sold
jawab
: d
6.
food restaurants have become popular in big cities because many people prefer
being _____ by the waiter quickly.
a.
Serving c. serves e. be serving
b.
to serve d. served
jawab
: d
7.
I’d like to book three standard room for next week, please.
I’m sorry Sir, our hotel _____ until the
end of the month.
a.
fully booking c. is
fully booked e. being
fully booking
b.
to be fully booked d. is fully booking
jawab
: e
8.
Last night a thief broke into my brother’s house.’
‘Really? What _____ from the house?’
a.
he took c. was being taken e. was taken
b.
was to take d. was taking
jawab
: e
9.
hasn’t Anita submitted her report yet?’
‘I don’t think so. It _____ .’
a.
be printing c. being printed e. is being printed
b.
is printing d. to be printing
jawab
: e
10.
Parents of the student of the international school made fierce protest because
of their suddenly increased school fee.
The
passive form of the above sentence is _____ because of their suddenly increased
school fee.
a.
Fierce protests have been made by parents of the students of the International
school
b.
Fierce protests were made by parents of the students of the International
school
c.
Fierce protests made by parents of the students of the International school
d.
Fierce protests will be made by parents of the students of the International school
e.
Fierce protests are being made by parents of the students of the International
school
jawab
: b
11.
The director wanted the orders _____ by sale department last week.
a.
were delivered c. to
be delivered e. being
delivered
b.
was delivered d. to
deliver
jawab
: a
12.
The teacher always asks the homework _____ by the students at home.
a.
is made c. to make e. being made
b.
is making d. to be made
jawab
: a
13.
As he was badly hurt in the car accident, he _____ to the nearest hospital.
a. being taken c. was taken e. was being taken
b. took d. be taken
jawab
: e
14.
At the moment the old building ______ to make space for a parking lot.
a. demolishing c. being demolished e. to demolish
b. be demolished d. is being demolished
jawab
: d
15.
I became quite nervous when I knew that my speech ______.
a. was to record c. being recorded e. was being recorded
b. to be recorded d. to be recording
jawab
: e
16.
The production process in the textile plant _______.
a. needs to be monitored
b. are needed to monitor
c. they need to monitor
d. needs to be monitoring
e. are needed to be monitored
jawab
: e
17.
Tenants ______ not to turn on their radios after midnight.
a. requested c.
request e. being
requested
b. are requested d. are requesting
jawab
: b
18.
I’m still waiting ______ for an interview.
a.
to be called c. be calling e. called
b.
be called d. to call
jawab
: a
19.
“How old is the mosque ?”
“Well, it _______ in 1870.”
a.
Built c.
was built e. had been
building
b.
To be built d. had built
jawab
: e
20.
“Why do those people panic ?”
“Their semi-permanent houses ________.”
a.
Demolished c. to be demolished e. are being demolished
b.
Are demolished d. to demolished
jawab
: b
21.
What did Asih wear for the party?
The passive construction of this
sentence is _____.
- What was the party worn for?
- What is for the party worn for?
- What Asih was worn for the party?
- What was worn for the party?
- What was Asih worn for the party?
Jawab
: e
22.
She looks after the baby well.
The passive voice construction is _____.
- The baby is well looked after
- The baby well is looked after
- Her baby is after looked well
- Her baby is well after looked
- Her well baby is looked after
Jawab
: e
23.
The books in library _____ in alphabetical order.
a. was arranged
b. is being arranged
c. have been arranged
d. had arranged
e. has arranged
jawab
: c
24.
X : Sin, may I borrow your camera?
Y : Oh, sorry. It _____ now.
a. is repairing
b. has sold it
c. will have sold
d. is being repaired
e. has been sold to our friend
jawab
: d
25.
“what happened to her skirt?”
“oh, ______ when she jumped over the
fence.”
- it was torn
- to be torn
- it tore
- tearing
- be torn
jawab
: a
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